Getting Started with Linux Command Line: 10 Commands Everyone Must Know
The Linux command line, often referred to as the shell or terminal, is a powerful tool for interacting with your system. While it might seem intimidating at first, mastering a few basic commands can unlock a world of possibilities. Whether you’re a beginner or just need a refresher, here are 10 essential Linux commands to get started.
1. ls – List Directory Contents
The ls command shows the files and directories in the current location.
- Basic Use:
ls - Detailed View:
ls -l - Include Hidden Files:
ls -a - Combine Flags:
ls -la
2. cd – Change Directory
Navigate through the file system with cd.
- Move to a Directory:
cd folder_name - Go Back One Step:
cd .. - Return to Home Directory:
cd
3. pwd – Print Working Directory
Displays your current directory location in the file system.
- Usage:
pwd
4. mkdir – Make a Directory
Create new folders with mkdir.
- Basic Use:
mkdir folder_name
5. rm – Remove Files or Directories
Delete files or folders (use with caution!).
- Remove File:
rm file_name - Remove Directory:
rm -r folder_name
6. cp – Copy Files or Directories
Duplicate files or folders with cp.
- Copy File:
cp source_file target_file - Copy Folder:
cp -r source_folder target_folder
7. mv – Move or Rename Files
Use mv to move files or rename them.
- Move File:
mv file_name /target_directory - Rename File:
mv old_name new_name
8. cat – View File Contents
Quickly display the contents of a file.
- Usage:
cat file_name
9. sudo – Execute Commands as Root
Run commands with administrative privileges.
- Usage:
sudo command
10. man – Manual Pages
Learn more about any command by using man.
- View Help for
ls:man ls
Bonus Tips
- Tab Completion: Start typing a command or file name and press
Tabto auto-complete. - Arrow Keys: Use the up/down arrow keys to scroll through previous commands.
clear: Use ctrl + l or typeclearto clean up your terminal screen.
Final Thoughts
These 10 commands are just the tip of the iceberg, but they provide a strong foundation for navigating the Linux command line. Practice them regularly, and you’ll soon feel more comfortable working in this versatile environment.
What Linux commands have you found most helpful? Share your experiences below!